A Simple Guide To Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions), by Kenneth Kee
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A Simple Guide To Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions), by Kenneth Kee
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Chapter 1 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a medical group of related diseases which occur in children before the age of 16 years. It is a chronic disorder which result in joint pain and swelling. What are the causes of Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? Causes The cause of JRA is not known. The cause is believed to be the result of an autoimmune illness. This suggests that the body cells attacks and destroys healthy joint tissue by mistake. JRA most often occurs before age 16. Symptoms may begin as early as 6 months old. There are three main types of JRA: 1. Pauciarticular JRA affects four or fewer joints, most often the knees, or wrists. It also involves the eyes. It is the most frequent type of JRA. 2. Polyarticular JRA affects many joints. This type of JRA may become rheumatoid arthritis. It may affect five or more large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the jaw and neck. 3. Systemic (bodywide) JRA affects the joint pain or swelling, rash, and fevers. It is the least frequent form. What are the symptoms of JRA? Symptoms Symptoms of JRA are: 1. Swollen, red, or warm joint 2. Limping or difficulty using a limb 3. Sudden high fever 4. Rash (on trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with fever 5. Stiffness, pain, and limited movement in a joint 5. Bodywide symptoms such as pale skin, swollen lymph gland, and “sick” appearance 6. JRA can also cause eye problems called iritis, uveitis, iridocyclitis. There may be not be any symptoms. When eye symptoms occur they are: 1. Red eyes 2. Eye pain, which may get worse when looking at light (photophobia) 3. Vision changes How is the diagnosis of JRA made? Diagnosis The physical exam may indicate the presence of: 1. Swollen, warm, and tender joints that are painful to move. 2. The child may have a rash. Other signs include: 3. Swollen liver 4. Swollen spleen 5. Swollen lymph nodes 6. Blood tests that may include: 7. Rheumatoid factor Blood Studies: 1. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 2. ANA and RA factor 3. Full blood count (FBC) 4. HLA antigens for HLA B27 Any or all of these blood investigations may be normal in children with JRA. Aspiration of Joint Fluid: A small needle is inserted into a swollen joint to remove fluid. This can assist to find the cause of the arthritis. It can also assist the relief of pain. The doctor may give injection of steroids into the joint to help decrease pain and swelling. Other tests that may be done are: 1. X-ray of a joint 2. Bone scan 3. X-ray of the chest 4. ECG 5. Regular eye exam by an ophthalmologist. The doctor will do an eye exam even if there are no eye symptoms. What are the complications of JRA? Complications 1. Wearing away or destruction of joints (can occur in patients with more severe JRA) 2. Slow rate of growth 3. Uneven growth of an arm or leg 4. Loss of vision or decreased vision from chronic uveitis (eye disease may be severe, even though the arthritis is not that bad) 5. Anemia 6. Swelling around the heart (pericarditis) What is the treatment of JRA? Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen are sufficient to reduce symptoms when only a small number of joints are affected. Corticosteroids may be given for more severe joint inflammation to treat symptoms. Children with inflammation in many joints, or fever, rash, and swollen glands may require other medicines. New disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are used. They can help decrease swelling in the joints or body. DMARDs include: 1. Methotrexate 2. Biologic drugs, such as such as infliximab, etanercept, and related drugs TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction Chapter 1 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Chapter 2 Causes Chapter 3 Symptoms Chapter 4 Diagnosis Chapter 5 Treatm
A Simple Guide To Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions), by Kenneth Kee- Amazon Sales Rank: #1668559 in eBooks
- Published on: 2015-03-28
- Released on: 2015-03-28
- Format: Kindle eBook
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